EYE ALLERGIES (ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS)

Have you ever experienced the sensation that your eyes are under attack? For some strange reasons, you cannot place the problem or what you are reacting to, which may be due to the pollen of blooming flowers outside or your furry companion (pets) snuggled up on the couch. For many of us, seasonal changes or everyday encounters can trigger eye allergies, resulting in itchy, watery, and red eyes. If you are tired of the constant irritation of your eyes, you are certainly not alone. Let us explore the world of eye allergies, examining the triggers, managing symptoms, and seeking relief.

WHAT IS EYE ALLERGIES?

Eye allergies, often referred to as allergic conjunctivitis, are a variation of conjunctivitis (pink eye) that occurs when foreign allergens cause inflammation in the conjunctiva (The conjunctiva is a delicate membrane that covers the eyelids, safeguarding the sclera (white part of the eyes, keeping them hydrated). This condition may result in discomfort, itchiness, and redness in the eyes when the eyes respond to a foreign element, such as pollen, dust, or pet dander. Allergic conjunctivitis is typically widespread; it affects both eyes and may impact as much as 40% of people at some point in their lifetime, regardless of age.

WHAT TRIGGERS EYE ALLERGIES?

An allergy occurs when the immune system reacts to a substance (allergen) that is typically harmless because, for many, these foreign agents pose no threat. However, if you are allergic, your immune system perceives them as dangerous invaders. Upon contact with an allergen, cells in the eyes (mast cells) release histamine and other chemicals to combat it. Histamine consequently reacts to expel them from your body, resulting in allergic conjunctivitis symptoms like redness, itchiness, and tearing in the eyes. In a way, an allergic response is good as it is the body’s way of saying something is wrong and proves a healthy immune system.

TYPES OF EYE ALLERGIES

1. Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis (SAC): Triggered by pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, typically occurring during specific seasons.
2. Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis (PAC): Caused by allergens like dust mites, pet dander, and mold, occurring year-round.
3. Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC): A more severe form of eye allergy, often affecting children and young adults, with intense itching and vision problems.
4. Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC): Associated with atopic dermatitis (eczema), this type can cause chronic inflammation and scarring.
5. Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC): Often linked to contact lens wear, this type causes inflammation and irritation.

These types of eye allergies can have varying symptoms and severity. If you are experiencing persistent or severe eye allergy symptoms, consult an optometrist at TREETOP VISION EYE CENTRE (TREVEC), the best eye clinic in Utako Abuja, for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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